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21st Century Higher Education Agenda
State planning and policy for all levels of education, but especially higher education are increasingly focused not on the growth of facilities, institutions, and programs, but on increasing educational attainment, quality, and the productivity of the system. State planning to increase attainment, quality, and productivity is growing in the United States, but with fits and starts and periodic backsliding. In many places state policy for higher education is still conceived narrowly as the sum of institutions, their growth, reputation, and relative prosperity. While this perspective is well within the comfort zone for most institutional administrators, it is much more likely to reinforce an “us vs. them” relationship between higher education and public leaders than to generate the public enthusiasm and support needed to meet 21st century higher education challenges. What does it take to make and sustain progress on attainment, quality, and productivity?
A deeper look into the states described above suggests some answers.
· First, progress requires leadership. In every case, some statewide leader, a governor, a legislator, a state higher education executive, a state board chair, or a coalition of these leaders took initiative, articulated an agenda, and then over several years invested a substantial amount of energy and credibility in strategic planning and implementation.
· Second, progress requires information. In Illinois especially, the effort to increase productivity was fueled and directed by a superb data system which helped leaders focus on higher priorities and identify lower priorities where resources could be found for reallocation. But data are important everywhere; in all of these states, information has played a key role in articulating an agenda, defining goals, and monitoring progress.
· Third, progress requires a “trans-institutional perspective.” Institutions deliver instruction, research, and public service, but they work in the context of P-20 systems, a state economy, and a community of other institutions with strengths, weaknesses, and material differences in what and how they can contribute to broader public purposes. Real progress requires a statewide perspective on institutional resources and broad public priorities, and a means for institutions to find the niche where they can serve the public most effectively.
· Fourth, sustained progress requires broad ownership and continuity of leadership. While small size may have made it easier for the Dakotas to elevate consultative process to a high art, every state needs to 15 make significant investments in widespread “buy-in” in order to sustain progress. A broadly inclusive process helps reduce, but cannot prevent loss of momentum when top leaders change. Progress in every one of these states (except Kentucky) benefited from a state higher education executive who had been in office well over five years. In Kentucky the enormously high profile of “reform” and its codification in law have helped sustain momentum even when governors and state executives changed.
· Fifth, the implementation of a strategic plan requires continuous monitoring and maintenance. While political, civic, and institutional leaders must be involved, none of them have the capacity to focus on follow-through. That role is a full-time job, and it has been the responsibility of the statewide governing or coordinating board for higher education.
· And sixth, progress requires shared commitment and shared rewards. The Illinois P*Q*P initiative could not have succeeded had it been conceived and implemented as a “do more with less” initiative. Educators in all of these states have discovered political leaders are more willing to provide support for higher education when the higher education system effectively addresses public priorities.
Progress on attainment, quality, and productivity will continue to grow, because the external environment of higher education will demand it. The national movements described here will continue to influence and shape state policy, and the individual states will continue to experiment, borrow ideas from each other, and employ outside resources as they address these issues for their own citizens.
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